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1. 對立法：先引出其他人的不同看法，然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法，適用于有爭議性的主題。 

[1] When asked about..., the vast / overwhelming majority of people say that … But I think / view a bit differently. 

當被問及...的話題，大多數人認為，但是我卻持有一點反對意見。 

[2] When it comes to ..., some people believe that… Others argue / claim that the opposite / reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments / statements, but I tend to the former / latter. 

一提到...一些人相信...然后另一部分人卻不這么認為。這兩種觀點都有相對正確的地方，但我更傾向于前者(后者) 

[3] Now, it is commonly / generally / widely believed / held / acknowledged that... They claim / believe / argue that ... But I wonder / doubt whether...

現在，普遍的觀點認為...他們堅信...但我對此卻表示懷疑...  

2. 現象法：引出要剖析的現象或者問題，然后評論。 

[1] Recently the rise in the problem / phenomenon of ... has cause / aroused public / popular / wide / worldwide concern. 

近來有個現象(問題)不斷發生...并且已經受到公眾廣泛關注。 

[2] Recently the issue of the problem / phenomenon of ... has been brought into focus / into public attention. 

最近關于...的現象（問題）已經進入了公眾的視線。 

[3] Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now / constantly. 

社會不平等社會問題已經成為了新的可怕的真相，使我們不得不持續地面對。 

3. 觀點法：開門見山，直截了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法。

[1] Now people in growing / significant numbers are beginning / coming to realize / accept / (be aware) that... 

現在越來越多的人已經開始意識到... 

[2] Now there is a growing awareness / recognition of the necessity to...

越來越多人已經意識到...的必要性 

[3] Now people become increasingly aware / conscious of the importance of ... 

現在人們已經不斷地密切關注...的重要性 

[4] Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude / idea that...

是時候應該用一種新的觀點(態度)來看待...了 

4. 引用法：先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法，來引出文章要展開論述的觀點！

[1] "Knowledge is power." This is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people. 

“知識就是力量。”這是培根的名言，正被越來越多的人分享。 

[2] "Education is not complete with graduation." This is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. 

“教育不應該隨著畢業而結束。”這是一個著名的美國哲學家的觀點，現在越來越多人分享著他的名言。 

[3] "..." We often hear statements / words like those / this.

我們經常聽到這句名言... 

[4] We often hear such traditional complains as this "...". 

我們經常聽到這句古訓... 

5. 比較法：通過對過去、現在兩種不同的傾向、觀點的比較，引出文章要討論的觀點。 

[1] For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ..., people ...

多年來，普遍認為的觀點是...但是現在人們正用一種新的眼光看。隨著...的增長，人們還會...

[2] People used to think that ... (In the past, ...) But people now share this new idea. 

過去人們認為...，但是現在人們有了新的觀點。 

6. 故事法：先講一個較短的故事來引發讀者的興趣，引出文章的主題。少用!   

[1] Once in (a newspaper), I read of / learnt... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. 

曾經在報紙上我讀到過這么一段事情...這個現象已經引發了強烈的關注。  

[2] I have a friend who ... Should he ...? Such a dilemma we are often confronted with in our daily life. 

我有個朋友他...他應該這樣嗎?此類困難在我們日常生活中一直遇到。

[3] Once upon a time, there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable), but it still has a realistic significance now. 

從前有個人...這個故事也許是虛構的，但我認為現在很有現實意義。

（一）段首句

1. 關于…人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為…

There are different opinions among people as to ____ . Some people suggest that ____. 

2. 俗話說(常言道)…，它是我們前輩的經歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。 

There is an old saying______. It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 

3. 現在，…，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，…；其次，…。更為糟糕的是…。 

Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______. 

4. 現在，…很普遍，許多人喜歡…，因為…，另外(而且)…。 

Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. 

5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，…也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 

6. 關于…人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為(說)…，在他們看來，…

People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 

7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題…，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。

Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.

8. …已成為人們關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發激烈的爭論。 

______ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 

9. …在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發一些嚴重的問題。 

______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.   

10. 根據圖表/數字/統計數字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出…。很顯然…，但是為什么呢?

According to the figure / number / statistics / percentages in the / chart / bar graph / line / graph，it can be seen that ______ while. Obviously，______，but why?  

（二）中間段落句

1. 相反，有一些人贊成…，他們相信…，而且，他們認為…。 

On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___. At the same time，they say ____. 

2. 但是，我認為這不是解決…的好方法，比如…。最糟糕的是…。

But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____. For example，____. Worst of all，___. 

3. …對我們國家的發展和建設是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，…。而且…，最重要的是… 

______ is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First，______. What's more, _____. Most important of all, ______.  

4. 有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以…。  There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can ______ 

5. 面臨…，我們應該采取一系列行之有效的方法來…。一方面…，另一方面。 

Confronted with ______，we should take a series of effective measures to ______. For one thing，______ For another，______

6. 早就應該拿出行動了。比如說…，另外…。所有這些方法肯定會…。

It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____. In addition. _____. All these measures will certainly ______. 

7. 為什么…？第一個原因是…；第二個原因是…；第三個原因是…。總的來說，…的主要原因是由于… 

Why ______? The first reason is that ______ .The second reason is ______. The third is ______. For all this, the main cause of ______ due to ______. 

8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，…也有它不利的一面，像…。 

However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______ also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.   

9. 盡管如此，我相信…更有利。 

Nonetheless, I believe that ______ is more advantageous.   

10. 完全同意…這種觀點(陳述)，主要理由如下：  I fully agree with the statement that ______ because ______.   

（三）結尾句

1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認為… 

As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____. 

2. 總而言之，整個社會應該密切關注…這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來…。 

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______. Only in this way can ______ in the future. 

3. 但是，…和…都有它們各自的優勢(好處)。例如，…，而…。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于(喜歡)… 

But ______ and ______ have their own advantages. For example, _____, while _____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to ______. 

4. 就我個人而言，我相信…，因此，我堅信美好的未來正等著我們。因為…

Personally, I believe that _____. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______. 

5. 隨著社會的發展，…。因此，迫切需要…。如果每個人都愿為社會貢獻自已的一份力量，這個社會將會變得越來越好。 

With the development of society, ______. So it's urgent and necessary to ____. If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 

6. 至于我(對我來說，就我而言)，我認為…更合理。只有這樣，我們才能…

For my part, I think it reasonable to _____. Only in this way can you _____. 

7. 對我來說，我認為有必要…。原因如下：第一，…; 第二，…;最后…但同樣重要的是… 

In my opinion, I think it necessary to ____. The reasons are as follows. First _____. Second ______. Last but not least, ______. 

8. 在總體上很難說…是好還是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于…的形勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發現…。 

It is difficult to say whether _____ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find ______. 

9. 綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結論… 

From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ____. 

10. 如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應該做的是… 

If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is _____.

Nowadays， there are more and more ____ in ____. It is estimated that ____. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. 

The first one is _____. Besides，_____. The third one is _____. To sum up，the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing，_____. For another thing， _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.       

 (1) 要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。 

The topic of ①-----------------(主題) is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------(支持A的理由一) What is more, ③-------------(理由二). Moreover, ④---------------(理由三). 

While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),⑥------------------(理由二). Thirdly (finally),⑦------------------(理由三). 

From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------(我的觀點). The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .    

(2)  給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點 

Some people believe that ①----------------(觀點一). For example, they think ②-----------------(舉例說明). And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處). 

In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一). For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二).

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法) 

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述。

The good old proverb ----------------(名言或諺語) reminds us that ----------------(釋義). Indeed, we can learn many things form it. 

First of all, -----------------(理由一). For example, -------------------(舉例說明). 

Secondly,----------------(理由二). Another case is that ---------------(舉例說明). Furthermore, ------------------(理由三).  

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑。  

In recent days, we have to face one problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, ------------(說明A的現狀). Second, ---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀) 

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, ---------------(解決方法一). For another -------------(解決方法二). Finally, --------------(解決方法三). 

Personally, I believe that -------------(我的解決方法). Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------(帶來的好處). 

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度(利或弊)出發，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度(或對事物前景提出預測)。 

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的優點之一). Besides -------------------(A的優點之二). 

But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一個缺點).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二個缺點). 

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------(我的看法). (From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, ---------------(對前景的預測)

As is shown by the figure / percentage in the table / picture，____ has been on rise / decrease， significantly / dramatically rising / decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise / decline in the chart，it goes without saying that _____. 

There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand，____. In the other hand， _____ is due to the fact that ______. In addition， ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. 

As far as I am concerned， I hold the point of view that ______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.     

Your address, Month，Date，Year, Receiver's address

Dear …， 

I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that _____.   … 

I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience / I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.   Best regards for your health and success.

Sincerely yours，

xxx

實用性寫作（申請信）

Your address, Month, Date, Year, Receiver's address

Dear ..., 

I am extremely pleased to hear from you / to see your advertisement for the position in ... And I would like to write a letter to tell you that... / I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising. 

... / I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed. On the one hand, ... On the other hand, ... I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference. 

I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview. I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience. / I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success.   

Sincerely yours, 

xxx